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"Exploring the Diversity of Human Culture: Insights from Anthropology"
The culture of poverty theory, first postulated by Oscar Lewis in the 1960s, proposes that poverty is not solely an economic issue, but also a cultural one. According to this theory, the poor are not simply victims of economic circumstances but also maintain a set of values, beliefs, and behaviors that perpetuate their impoverished condition.
Sorcery, sometimes interchangeable with witchcraft in anthropological texts, is defined as the manipulation of symbolic materials (like spells, rituals, or objects) to influence people, events, or the natural world, often negatively.
The dichotomy of Universalisation and Parochialisation represents the cultural dynamic of an increasingly interconnected world. Understanding these processes provides valuable insights into how societies and cultures negotiate their identities in the face of globalisation.
Witchcraft, the practice of magical skills, spells, and abilities, has been a fascinating aspect of human cultures worldwide. Often associated with spirituality, superstition, and folklore, the understanding and interpretation of witchcraft vary considerably across different societies.
Applied folklore, a subset of cultural anthropology, addresses the role and function of traditional knowledge in contemporary societies. By integrating the practical application of folklore, this discipline promotes cultural sustainability, fosters local identity, and encourages social development.
Folk arts, also known as traditional arts, encompass a broad array of artifacts and practices that include visual arts, music, dance, storytelling, and craftsmanship. These forms often represent the collective memory and creativity of a community.
The complex fabric of human societies and cultures can be better understood through the dual concepts of "Great Tradition" and "Little Tradition", first introduced by Robert Redfield in his studies of Indian society in the mid-20th century.
Folk science refers to the body of knowledge that is based on everyday experiences and common sense rather than on the scientific method. It encompasses a diverse array of beliefs, understandings, and explanations for natural phenomena, which are often culturally and socially determined.
A folk society, also referred to as a preliterate or pre-industrial society, typically exists in rural, non-industrialized settings. It is characterized by homogeneity, close-knit relationships, and simple technology, with culture and traditions passed down through generations orally.
Folk beliefs are essentially the informal creeds that people abide by, not due to any scientific rationale, but because of an accepted, shared wisdom that has withstood the test of time. They reflect a society's cultural unconscious, shaping social behavior and norms.
Folk literature, also referred to as oral tradition, encompasses the lore, tales, songs, proverbs, riddles, and other cultural narratives that have been preserved by communities and passed down through generations.
Folk games are traditional games that originated from different cultures and civilizations across the globe. They are usually passed down from generation to generation and are enriched with cultural narratives, historical significance, and traditional values.
